In Japanese, demonstratives are words that indicate or point to specific things. The primary demonstratives in Japanese are "これ" (kore), "それ" (sore), and "あれ" (are). These words are used to indicate proximity or distance from the speaker and the listener. Here's how they are generally used:

1. これ (kore): This (thing) near me.

• • これはペンです。 (Kore wa pen desu.) - This is a pen.

1. それ (sore): That (thing) near you.

• • それは本です。 (Sore wa hon desu.) - That is a book.

1. あれ (are): That (thing) over there, away from both the speaker and the listener.

• • あれはテレビです。 (Are wa terebi desu.) - That over there is a television.