In Japanese, demonstratives used to indicate place or location are called "こそあど言葉" (kosoado kotoba). These demonstratives are categorized into three groups based on their proximity to the speaker, the listener, or being distant from both. Here's an overview of the most commonly used place demonstratives in Japanese:

１。こ Series (Near the Speaker):

• • ここ (koko): here
  • こちら (kochira): here (polite), this way

２。そ Series (Near the Listener):

• • そこ (soko): there (near listener)
  • そちら (sochira): there (polite, near listener), that way

3。あ Series (Away from Both Speaker and Listener):

• • あそこ (asoko): over there (distant)
  • あちら (achira): over there (polite, distant), that way (distant)

4。ど Series (Question Words):

• • どこ (doko): where
  • どちら (dochira): where (polite), which way

Each of these words can be used to specify a location relative to the speaker, the listener, or a third party. The choice between the casual and polite forms (e.g., "ここ" vs. "こちら") depends on the level of formality of the situation.